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Mary Frances Lyon FRS〔 (15 May 1925 – 25 December 2014) was an English geneticist, who is best known for her discovery of X-chromosome inactivation, an important biological phenomenon.〔(Mary Lyon Entry in ''Who named it?'' ) Retrieved 4 March 2015.〕〔Oakes, Elizabeth H. ''Lyon, Mary Frances.'' International Encyclopedia of Women Scientists. New York, NY. Facts On File, Inc. 2002. Facts On File, Inc. Science Online. (factsonfile.com ).〕 ==Childhood and education== Mary Lyon was born on 15 May 1925 in Norwich, England as the eldest out of three children of a civil servant and a schoolteacher. She was educated at a grammar school in Birmingham. During that time, she said, she became interested in science thanks to a good schoolteacher〔http://www.genmedhist.info/interviews/Lyon〕 and nature books she won in an essay competition. During the second world war, she pursued her studies at Girton College, Cambridge at the University of Cambridge, where she read zoology, physiology, organic chemistry and biochemistry, with zoology as her main subject. At this time, only 500 female students were allowed to study at the university, in contrast to more than 5,000 men. Furthermore, the woman received only a “titular” degree, despite attending the lectures with men, taking the same practical courses and passing the same exams as the men.〔 During that time she became interested in embryology. She went on to do her PhD with R A Fisher, who was Professor of Genetics in Cambridge, where she characterized a mutant mice strain with a 'pallid' mutation and published the research. During the course of her PhD she moved to Edinburgh. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary F. Lyon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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